Background
The High Court has provided guidance on the circumstances where a pre-trial order for inspection may be granted.
The plaintiff sought an order for inspection under Order 50 rule 4 of the Rules of the Superior Courts in a case which sought possession of unregistered lands. Orders for relief under Order 50 Rule 4 are not commonly sought.
It provides that "the Court, upon the application of any party to a cause or matter, and upon such terms as may be just, may make any order for the detention, preservation, or inspection of any property or thing, being the subject of such cause or matter, or as to which any question may arise therein, and for all or any of the purposes aforesaid may authorise any person to enter upon or into any land or building in the possession of any party to such cause or matter and for all or any of the purposes aforesaid may authorise any samples to be taken or any observations to be made or experiment to be tried, which may be necessary or expedient for the purpose of obtaining full information or evidence". It can be a useful mechanism for defining the parameters of contentious factual issues. However, the grant of the right must be weighed against competing rights of the opposition parties and any other third parties.
Facts
The proceedings here were commenced by way of Special Summons. The main relief sought was an order for possession of lands which comprised of both registered and unregistered parcels. The dispute in the case centred on whether the mortgage deed adequately identified the lands the subject of the mortgage. The description of a portion of the mortgage deed appeared to be missing a reference to acreage. The discrepancy led the Defendant to claim that the security over the lands was unenforceable as a consequence. In order to clarify the position, the plaintiff sought an order for inspection.
Decision
The application was allowed. The Court applied the principles for inspection identified by Costello J in James Elliot Construction Ltd v Lagan [2015] IEHC 631. These principles were as follows:
- The Court may order that a party may take samples of the property of another party to proceedings which may be necessary or expedient for the purposes of obtaining full information or evidence.
- The power must be viewed in the context of a party's constitutional right of access to the courts.
- The Court must ensure that a litigant will have facilities to present his case to the Court.
- The right of a party to an order for inspection is not dependant on the strength of the case of a party seeking the order.
- Inspection, or the ordering of the taking of samples, should be facilitated if it can be achieved while at the same time protecting the interests of the opposing party
- The proposed inspection or taking of samples must be shown to be necessary or expedient by reference to the issues in the case
- The inspection or sampling ordered should be limited to that which the party seeking the order has shown to be necessary or expedient to his own case or his defence of his opponent's case.
The Court also noted the general principles referred to in Bula Limited (in receivership) v Tara Mines Ltd [1987] I.R 85 that the power of the court to order inspection of lands must be seen in the context of litigation and the administration of justice as a whole. A right of inspection must be regarded as a necessary incident of the constitutional rights of access to the courts. Any such right however must be balanced against any competing rights of the other parties to the litigation.
The Court noted the objections against the grant of inspection, namely
- if the mortgage did not reflect what was agreed then a claim for rectification of the mortgage deed was necessary (which had not been sought);
- the claimant was guilty of delay; and
- the mortgage itself did not confer a power to inspect.
The Court decided that an inspection of the lands was necessary as it addressed the central issue in the case, it also concluded that it was proportionate as the inspection sought was not invasive, involving only a survey without taking physical samples or carrying out invasive works. The Court did however invite submissions on whether any conditions should be attached to the order so as to fully balance the defendant's constitutional rights.
Takeaway
The decision reiterates the exacting principles applying to applications for inspection and the considerations of proportionality and necessity which govern the granting of such orders.
Carlisle Mortgages v Heagney [2019] IEHC 108
For more information, please contact Sinead Grace, s.grace@beauchamps.ie, Pauline Louth, p.louth@beauchamps.ie, Emma Keegan, e.keegan@beauchamps.ie, Thomas O'Dwyer, t.odwyer@beauchamps.ie or your usual contact in Beauchamps.
